{"id":3114,"date":"2020-10-29T11:01:05","date_gmt":"2020-10-29T08:01:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/elis.ro\/blog\/?p=3114"},"modified":"2023-10-09T14:43:34","modified_gmt":"2023-10-09T11:43:34","slug":"eflorescenta-nu-este-defect-de-fabricatie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elis.ro\/blog\/eflorescenta-nu-este-defect-de-fabricatie\/","title":{"rendered":"Eflorescen\u021ba nu este defect de fabrica\u021bie!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Deseori primim de la clien\u021bii no\u0219tri \u00eentreb\u0103ri legate de apari\u021bia unor pete albe pe pavelele montate de cur\u00e2nd. Acest fenomen poate fi observat at\u00e2t pe pavele<\/strong><\/a> sau blocuri de zid<\/a><\/strong> din beton vibropresat, c\u00e2t \u0219i pe alte produse care con\u021bin ciment. Din fericire, aceste pete albe, numite eflorescen\u021b\u0103, nu reprezint\u0103 un defect de fabrica\u021bie, ci un fenomen natural. Petele pot fi cur\u0103\u021bate sau l\u0103sate s\u0103 dispar\u0103 de la sine, dup\u0103 un timp, \u00een urma ploilor.<\/h3>\n

Totu\u0219i, ne d\u0103m seama c\u0103 apari\u021bia unor pete pe pavele este un aspect nepl\u0103cut, iar clien\u021bii se \u00eengrijoreaz\u0103 dac\u0103 nu \u00een\u021beleg ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103. De aceea, prezent\u0103m \u00een acest articol informa\u021biile esen\u021biale despre eflorescen\u021b\u0103, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t acest fenomen natural s\u0103 nu mai fie o necunoscut\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ce este eflorescen\u021ba?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Eflorescen\u021ba (petele albe care apar pe suprafa\u021ba pavelelor) reprezint\u0103 un depozit de s\u0103ruri cristalizate, care se formeaz\u0103 \u00een prezen\u021ba apei, pe suprafa\u021ba pavelelor sau betonului. Fenomenul apare de obicei dup\u0103 doar c\u00e2teva zile de la turnarea betonului (sau montarea dalelor), cel mai t\u00e2rziu dup\u0103 14 zile. Dup\u0103 aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103, procesul de uscare a betonului se finalizeaz\u0103, iar eflorescen\u021ba nu va mai ap\u0103rea.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ce cauzeaz\u0103 eflorescen\u021ba?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/h2>\n

Apa folosit\u0103 pentru a cur\u0103\u021ba pavajul, umiditatea din aer sau apa de la sistemul de aspersoare va reac\u021biona cu calciul din compozi\u021bia cimentului, form\u00e2nd hidroxidul de calciu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce betonul se usuc\u0103, apa migreaz\u0103 spre suprafa\u021b\u0103 prin porii betonului \u0219i transport\u0103 \u0219i hidroxidul de calciu. C\u00e2nd hidroxidul de calciu intr\u0103 \u00een contact cu dioxidul de carbon din aer, formeaz\u0103 pe suprafa\u021ba materialului pete albe, care sunt de fapt carbonat de calciu. Ceea ce rezult\u0103 se nume\u0219te eflorescen\u021b\u0103. Petele sunt, practic, depozitele de sare r\u0103mase \u00een urm\u0103 dup\u0103 evaporarea apei \u0219i au o culoare alb\u0103 sau gri deschis.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Intensitatea acestui fenomen depinde de condi\u021biile de mediu, mai exact de umiditate \u0219i temperatur\u0103. Ca s\u0103 apar\u0103 eflorescen\u021ba trebuie s\u0103 fie \u00eendeplinite trei condi\u021bii:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • S\u0103 existe \u00een pavale s\u0103ruri hidrosolubile;<\/span><\/li>\n
  • S\u0103 fie umezeal\u0103, pentru a transforma s\u0103rurile \u00een solu\u021bie solubil\u0103;<\/span><\/li>\n
  • S\u0103rurile s\u0103 poat\u0103 ajunge, prin material, la suprafa\u021b\u0103.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Cel mai des, eflorescen\u021ba apare ca urmare a precipita\u021biilor (ploaie, z\u0103pad\u0103), dar \u0219i \u00een timpul lucr\u0103rilor de construc\u021bie la cas\u0103 sau la curte, c\u00e2nd este folosit\u0103 destul de mult\u0103 ap\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Pe ce materiale apare eflorescen\u021ba?\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

    Eflorescen\u021ba poate s\u0103 apar\u0103 pe orice material de construc\u021bie care are textur\u0103 poroas\u0103 (pavele, ciment, etc), pentru c\u0103 acestea absorb mult\u0103 ap\u0103 \u0219i o transfer\u0103 \u00een interiorul materialului, asemeni unui copac care transport\u0103 ap\u0103 \u0219i nutrien\u021bi de la r\u0103d\u0103cini spre frunze. Din fericire, fenomenul nu este periculos – dac\u0103 nu apare ca urmare a unor infiltra\u021bii constante de ap\u0103 din sol. \u00cen acest caz, umezeala permanent\u0103 poate afecta structura materialului.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Materialele pe care poate s\u0103 apar\u0103 eflorescen\u021ba sunt:<\/span><\/h4>\n
      \n
    • C\u0103r\u0103mida<\/strong>: este un material poros, prin urmare absoarbe s\u0103ruri hidrosolubile;<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Cimentul<\/strong>: orice tip de ciment con\u021bine alcaloizi hidrosolubile, care cresc riscul apari\u021biei petelor albe;<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Argila<\/strong>: este un material care con\u021bine s\u0103ruri hidrosolubile \u0219i este folosit pentru a produce c\u0103r\u0103mizi;<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Calcarul<\/strong>: cre\u0219te rezisten\u021ba la ap\u0103 a materialelor, \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bind leg\u0103turile dintre mortar \u0219i c\u0103r\u0103mizi, dar este hidrosolubil. De aceea, poate produce eflorescen\u021b\u0103.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Prin urmare, foarte multe materiale sunt predispuse la eflorescen\u021b\u0103, singura solu\u021bie pentru a evita acest fenomen fiind folosirea unor produse care nu sunt poroase sau care au pori foarte mici (sub 5 microni).<\/span><\/p>\n

      Cum putem cur\u0103\u021ba eflorescen\u021ba de pe pavele?\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

      Dup\u0103 un timp, petele albe se vor dizolva \u0219i vor fi cur\u0103\u021bate de apa de ploaie, dar poate s\u0103 dureze chiar \u0219i un an sau doi p\u00e2n\u0103 s\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2mple acest lucru. Eflorescen\u021ba poate s\u0103 persiste mult timp mai ales dac\u0103 locui\u021bi \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 arid\u0103, unde plou\u0103 foarte rar. \u00cen acest caz, pute\u021bi recurge la cur\u0103\u021barea manual\u0103 a petelor. Exist\u0103 mai multe metode pentru cur\u0103\u021barea pavajului.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      Iat\u0103 cu ce se cur\u0103\u021b\u0103 pavelele:<\/span><\/h3>\n
        \n
      • Ap\u0103 sub presiune: jeturile de ap\u0103 sub presiune pot \u00eendep\u0103rta petele, dar este esen\u021bial s\u0103 usca\u021bi bine suprafa\u021ba dup\u0103 sp\u0103lare. Altfel, cristalele de sare pot r\u0103m\u00e2ne pe material \u0219i vor ap\u0103rea din nou pete.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • O\u021bet diluat: o solu\u021bie pentru cur\u0103\u021bat pavele poate fi ob\u021binut\u0103 din o\u021bet diluat cu ap\u0103. Este o metod\u0103 simpl\u0103 \u0219i mai pu\u021bin agresiv\u0103 dec\u00e2t folosirea unor substan\u021be chimice.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Detartran\u021bi care con\u021bin acid clorhidric: mare aten\u021bie dac\u0103 utiliza\u021bi aceste produse, pentru c\u0103 sunt periculoase \u0219i pot arde pielea!<\/span><\/li>\n
      • O perie aspr\u0103: frec\u00e2nd bine suprafa\u021ba afectat\u0103 cu o perie dur\u0103, pute\u021bi cur\u0103\u021ba eficient petele albe.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Conteaz\u0103 foarte mult ca procedura de cur\u0103\u021bare s\u0103 fie f\u0103cut\u0103 \u00eentr-o zi cald\u0103 \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 ploi, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t materialul sp\u0103lat s\u0103 se usuce foarte bine \u0219i c\u00e2t mai repede. \u00cen caz contrar, umezeala va duce la reapari\u021bia petelor. O alt\u0103 metod\u0103 este cur\u0103\u021barea uscat\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 ap\u0103, doar prin frecare cu peria.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Cum se poate preveni eflorescen\u021ba?\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

        Din p\u0103cate, apari\u021bia eflorescen\u021belor nu poate fi evitat\u0103 complet, deoarece este un fenomen natural. Totu\u0219i, putem lua unele m\u0103suri, prin care s\u0103 reducem riscul form\u0103rii petelor albe:<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        • Alegerea unor pavele care s\u0103 fie tratate cu un aditiv special, impermeabilizant, care s\u0103 \u00eempiedice absorbirea apei \u00een material;<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Asigurarea unei pante de scurgere \u00een zona aleilor pavate, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 nu se formeze b\u0103l\u021bi;<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Supravegherea aspersoarelor, pentru a nu uda prea mult pavajul.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Din fericire, eflorescen\u021bele reprezint\u0103 doar un mic impediment estetic, care este temporar \u0219i nu afecteaz\u0103 deloc func\u021bionalitatea sau calitatea produselor din beton. Prin urmare, aceste pete pot fi \u00eendep\u0103rtate relativ u\u0219or, iar apari\u021bia lor pe suprafa\u021ba pavajelor nu trebuie s\u0103 ne \u00eengrijoreze.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Deseori primim de la clien\u021bii no\u0219tri \u00eentreb\u0103ri legate de apari\u021bia unor pete albe pe pavelele montate de cur\u00e2nd. Acest fenomen poate fi observat at\u00e2t pe pavele sau blocuri de zid din beton vibropresat, c\u00e2t \u0219i pe alte produse care con\u021bin ciment. Din fericire, aceste pete albe, numite eflorescen\u021b\u0103, nu reprezint\u0103 un defect de fabrica\u021bie, ci…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3122,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[238],"tags":[176,204,71,205],"yoast_head":"\n\u25b7 Eflorescenta nu este defect de fabricatie - Blog Elis Pavaje<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Afla ce este eflorescenta, cum se poate preveni si trata, si motivele pentru care acesta este un fenomen natural si nu un defect de fabricatie.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/elis.ro\/blog\/eflorescenta-nu-este-defect-de-fabricatie\/\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elis.ro\/blog\/eflorescenta-nu-este-defect-de-fabricatie\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elis.ro\/blog\/eflorescenta-nu-este-defect-de-fabricatie\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bianka Dobre\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elis.ro\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/7ae992453572579f9dd23ba8087627b6\"},\"headline\":\"Eflorescen\u021ba nu este defect de fabrica\u021bie!\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-10-29T08:01:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-10-09T11:43:34+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elis.ro\/blog\/eflorescenta-nu-este-defect-de-fabricatie\/\"},\"wordCount\":1030,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elis.ro\/blog\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"curatare pavele\",\"eflorescenta\",\"montaj pavele\",\"pete albe pavele\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Curte \u0219i gr\u0103din\u0103\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elis.ro\/blog\/eflorescenta-nu-este-defect-de-fabricatie\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/elis.ro\/blog\/eflorescenta-nu-este-defect-de-fabricatie\/\",\"name\":\"\u25b7 Eflorescenta nu este defect de fabricatie - 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